In an increasingly digital business environment, the leakage of personal and corporate data has ceased to be merely a technical issue and has become a critical matter of governance, compliance, and legal responsibility. Recent security incidents highlight the severity of such failures, which can undermine the trust of clients and partners, result in legal sanctions, and significantly impact an organization’s reputation.
In this context, cybersecurity plays an essential role, encompassing a set of practices, technologies, and policies aimed at protecting data and systems from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and integrity breaches. Sound legal management is also a fundamental tool for compliance and governance, ensuring that external partners adopt equivalent protection standards.
Although the technical analysis of security incidents must be conducted by specialized professionals, the legal team’s role and presence are crucial for identifying risks and mitigating potential impacts from the outset of negotiations. Data breaches, often caused by system failures or improper conduct by external partners, can generate significant financial, reputational, and legal impacts for companies.
Thus, cybersecurity should not be treated as a merely reactive measure. It must be grounded in structured decisions from the beginning of operations, with legal counsel acting as a strategic partner to identify exposure points, discuss risks, and propose viable solutions from both technical and contractual standpoints.
At this pre-contractual stage, legal professionals can make a strategic contribution to effective governance by evaluating the level of operational exposure, the sensitivity of the data involved, and the robustness of the security practices adopted by the parties. More than simply pointing out risks, legal counsel should discuss operational alternatives, suggest mitigating measures, participate in defining countermeasures, and legally structure feasible solutions, ensuring that protection mechanisms are tailored to the scale and criticality of the contractual relationship. This early involvement helps ensure that the contract reflects well-developed decisions rather than being a merely standardized instrument.
With this in mind, contracts become essential tools for control and prevention. They ensure that relationships with third parties – such as suppliers, partners, and service providers – are supported by robust legal mechanisms aligned with best practices in information protection. This not only ensures compliance with current legislation, especially the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD), but also safeguards institutional integrity in an environment of increasing risks.
As a first measure, it is essential that contracts with third parties clearly and bindingly establish specific obligations regarding the protection of personal data and information security. Merely referencing compliance with applicable legislation, such as the LGPD, is not enough.
It is necessary to ensure that the contracted partner adopts concrete practices compatible with the operation’s risk level and the company’s internal standards. This includes clear clauses on confidentiality, technical and security obligations, as well as responsibilities regarding the proper handling of data, in compliance with applicable legislation.
Such provisions strengthen the legal foundation of the contractual relationship and enable a preventive approach to potential failures, incidents, or breaches that may compromise the company’s integrity.
Additionally, it is important to include specific clauses addressing the confidentiality of information exchanged between the parties and the proper handling of personal data, aligned with legal requirements and information security practices. These clauses should clearly define confidentiality obligations, security measures, responsibilities, and the purposes of processing, serving as pillars of contractual protection in the face of potential risks or incidents.
Another crucial aspect is the clear definition of responsibilities and risk allocation. The contract must provide for specific legal consequences in the event of incidents caused by the contractor, including the possibility of indemnification, contractual penalties, payment of mitigation measures, and even termination for cause. It must also detail the minimum required information security standards, such as encryption protocols, access controls, regular backups, and recognized certifications like ISO 27001.
It is important to remember that the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) may investigate contractual shortcomings related to data protection, including the absence of appropriate clauses or poor risk management. Depending on the case, the contracting company may be held jointly liable for damages caused to data subjects, under Article 42 of the LGPD, which reinforces the need for technical rigor when drafting legal instruments governing third-party data processing.
Including a right of audit and contractual monitoring is also a valuable tool. Such provisions allow the contracting company to verify compliance with cybersecurity obligations through periodic audits, visits, technical reports, or even certifications. It is also advisable to require immediate notification in the event of incidents – or even suspicions of incidents – that compromise the operations’ sensitive and/or strategic data.
Furthermore, it is recommended to include clauses providing for periodic the review and updating of the contract, ensuring that legal instruments keep pace with the constant evolution of cyber threats, technological changes, and legislative updates. Contractual predictability, combined with revisional flexibility, ensures greater alignment with best practices in data governance, allowing responsibilities and safeguards to be adjusted as the regulatory and operational landscape evolves.
It is also advisable to include integrity and governance clauses requiring the contracted party to comply with anti-corruption policies, codes of conduct, and any compliance programs of the contracting company. In contexts involving the processing of sensitive data, the link between information security and ethical conduct is inseparable. Thus, including contractual obligations related to the prevention of unlawful acts – such as bribery, fraud, or misuse of confidential information – strengthens risk management and contributes to building safer value chains aligned with sound governance principles.
Finally, the legal team’s role does not end with contract execution. Throughout the contract’s term, monitoring the obligations assumed is an essential component of good governance. It is up to the legal department to oversee compliance with contractual duties, identify breaches, assess legal impacts, and propose corrective or rebalancing measures. This may also involve renegotiations, notices, enforcement of penalties, terminations, or even providing strategic support for leadership decisions, always based on the instruments previously established.
Therefore, more than just drafting protective clauses, legal professionals must be involved from the structuring of the business model, through the definition of applicable legal conditions, to the monitoring of performance, ensuring that the contract reflects not only commercial interests but also the shared responsibility for data protection and the preservation of the company’s integrity in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment. In this sense, the legal department’s preventive action is essential for anticipating vulnerabilities and strengthening a culture of digital compliance in business relationships.