In recent years, pig-butchering scams have emerged as one of the most sophisticated and damaging forms of online fraud worldwide. These schemes combine social engineering and investment fraud in a methodical process: criminals create convincing personas on social media or dating platforms, build trust with the victim, and gradually encourage participation in fraudulent investment opportunities — often involving cryptocurrencies. Once significant amounts have been transferred, the perpetrators disappear, leaving victims with substantial financial losses. Beyond financial damage, investigations reveal links to organized crime groups operating from “scam compounds” in Southeast Asia, where human trafficking and forced labor are used to sustain the fraud operations.
China’s approach to this threat has been notably assertive. The Law Against Telecom and Online Fraud, enacted in September 2022 and effective from December of the same year, criminalizes remote fraudulent conduct and establishes extraterritorial jurisdiction over crimes affecting Chinese citizens. The law spans telecommunications, financial services, and online platforms, placing strong emphasis on prevention, cross-sector cooperation, and accountability. In late 2024, the framework was reinforced with integrated punishment measures, including credit restrictions, telecommunications limitations, inclusion on national dishonesty lists, and coordinated enforcement among multiple agencies. This multi-layered response has demonstrated measurable deterrence and reduced the operational space for fraudsters within Chinese jurisdiction.
In Brazil, while awareness of pig-butchering scams is increasing, enforcement and prevention remain limited. Many operations are orchestrated from outside national borders, complicating investigative efforts and asset recovery. The anonymity provided by online platforms, combined with the use of cryptocurrencies and insufficient mechanisms for international cooperation, often results in a lack of accountability. Structural challenges persist: there is no legislation specifically addressing the complexity of these scams, technical capacity for crypto-transaction tracing remains underdeveloped, and large-scale public prevention initiatives are still rare. The contrast with China’s coordinated and forceful approach highlights the fragility of Brazil’s current framework, which contributes to a perception of impunity among the public and creates vulnerabilities for both individuals and companies.
For international businesses operating in or engaging with Brazil, understanding the dynamics of these scams is crucial. They pose not only a risk to individuals but also a potential threat to corporate reputation, client trust, and operational security. Strengthening compliance protocols, implementing advanced fraud detection systems, and fostering internal awareness can mitigate exposure. At the policy level, Brazil would benefit from legal modernization, greater law enforcement capacity, and enhanced cross-border cooperation to align with global best practices.
The experience of other jurisdictions shows that combating pig-butchering scams requires more than reactive enforcement — it demands proactive prevention, integrated regulatory frameworks, and strong international partnerships. In an increasingly interconnected digital economy, businesses that anticipate these threats and embed robust safeguards into their operations will be best positioned to protect assets, preserve trust, and maintain resilience in the face of evolving cyber-enabled crime.